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Treatments of acne
• Apply topical medication or take oral medication as the doctor's prescription.
• In case of severe plug formation, use comedone extractors to remove the blackheads.
• The severe inflammatory acne will diminish faster by injecting antibiotics into the blemish.
• Black spots and acne scars are removable by various treatment such as applying medication, TCA peels, AHA treatment, IONTO, collagen injection or laser treatment depending on the types of problems.
Melasma
Although melasma is a very common skin disorder, it can affect your personality and self-confidence. Melasma is a pale brown spot over the cheekbone, forehead, nose, upper lip or chin. Generally, melasma will be found on both sides of the face, especially common in women rather than men and mostly found in the middle age.
Types of melasma
• Epidermal type melasma
• Dermal type melasma
• Both epidermal and dermal
Causes of melasma
• The exposure to sunlight
Sunlight is the main factor of melasma. UV ray, visible light and heat are also the arousal of melasma.
• Unbalance of hormones
Melasma is usually found when hormonal status changes such as during the pregnancy or taking oral contraceptives.
• Allergy of ingredients in cosmetics
The ingredients of some cosmetics include fragrance or some chemicals which react to the sunlight and cause melasma.
• Some medications
Some kinds of medicine may cause melasma such as some phenytoin sodium.
• Jointly found with other diseases
Melasma can be jointly found with other diseases such as cirrhotic liver, shortage of vitamin B12 and endocrinal disease.
• Heredity and aging
Treatment for malasma
• Sunscreen
You should apply the effective sunscreen which has SPF 15 or more.
• Bleaching cream
The bleaching cream will reduce the activity of skin pigmentation. It should be used carefully and continuously. When melasma diminishes, the dosage of the cream should be gradually reduced in the guidance of the dermatologist.
• Applying topical medication
You should continuously apply the cream and gradually reduce the dosage of the cream when melasma diminishes.
• Other treatment
Other combined therapy such as AHA treatment, IONTO and microdermabrasion can support the treatment.
Preventions of melasma
• Avoid the exposure to sunlight, especially during 10 am . - 2 pm.
• Always test the cosmetics before using directly to your face.
• Avoid using allergic chemicals such as fragrant cosmetics.
• Wear UV protection sunscreen with SPF 15 or more.
• Stop taking the medicines that cause melasma such as contraceptives and some kinds of phenytoin sodium.
• If melasma develops, consult with the specialist. Don't use the cream by yourself.
• Wear sunscreen and avoid the exposure to sunlight during pregnancy. Melasma will normally diminish after delivery.
Freckles
Although sunlight is worthy and causes advantages to every life in this world, on the other hand, it can cause damages as well. Especially, sunlight will burn your skin and increase wrinkles and aging to your face. Moreover, it will stimulate melasma and freckles production. The main causes of freckles are heredity and sun exposure. In our daily life, we always have been exposed to the sun, so we should protect ourselves by applying sunscreen, wearing hat, using umbrella or wearing long-sleeve shirt.
Types of freckles
• Ephelides are small brown spots, not bigger than 0.5 cm, which typically found around the face. They will appear when being exposed to the sun and fade if staying out of the sun for a long period.
• Hori's nevus is grayish-brown spots freckles typically found over both sides of the cheekbones.
• Seborrheic Keratitis is flat or rough spots freckles which can be black or brown and sometimes look like warts usually found around the face, neck or body.
• Solat lentigines are flat brown spots that usually occur in older people or in sun-exposed people.
Treatments of each type
• Ephelides is curable by topical medication, TCA peels or laser.
• Hori's nevus is curable by topical medication or laser.
• Seborrheic Keratitis is curable by electrolysis or laser.
• Solat lentigine is curable by laser.
Post-treatment care
• After TCA peel, electrolysis or laser treatment, crusts will occur on the treated area and peel off within 5-7 days. Do not pick the crusts as it will cause the scars.
• Avoid the exposure to sunlight to prevent freckles coming back.
• Regularly apply sunscreen with SPF 15 or more.
• Strictly follow the dermatologist's instruction, especially after laser treatment.
After freckles are treated by the specialist and the patient strictly follows the instructions, there will not be any side effects from the treatment. But there maybe scars left in case of not following the instructions such as picking the crusts.
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